ABSTRACT
El eritema multiforme es una reacción inmunomediada que envuelve la piel y algunas veces a la mucosa. Las infecciones y medicamentos constituyen las causas más comunes. Típicamente se presenta como lesiones "en diana" sobreelevadas con centro pálido y borde eritematoso o lesiones atípicas como vesículas o ampollas. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 68 años que acude por tumoración a nivel del antebrazo derecho con signos inflamatorios más fiebre, se constata por ecografía aneurisma micótico en dicho miembro y se realiza ecocardiografía transtorácica donde se observan vegetaciones en válvulas aortica y mitral. Durante la internación presenta aparición de lesiones ampollosas con bordes eritematosos distribuidas en tronco y brazos con biopsia que informa erupción liquenoide ampollosa compatible con eritema multiforme minor.
Erythema multiforme is an immune-mediated reaction that involves the skin and sometimes the mucosa. Infections and medications are the most common causes. Typically presents as raised "target" lesions with a pale center and erythematous border or atypical lesions such as vesicles or bullae. We present the case of a 68-year-old woman who presented with a tumor on the right forearm with inflammatory signs plus fever, a mycotic aneurysm was confirmed by ultrasound in the limb and a transthoracic echocardiography was performed where vegetations were observed on the aortic and mitral valves. During hospitalization, she presented bullous lesions with erythematous borders distributed on the trunk and arms with a biopsy that reported bullous lichenoid eruption compatible with erythema multiforme minor.
ABSTRACT
Infected thoracic aortic aneurysms are rare. Standard treatment methods have not yet been established for medical treatment, timing of surgery, or surgical techniques. In this study, we report a case in which an ascending aortic reconstruction using an autologous superficial femoral artery was successfully performed for an infected pseudoaneurysm of the thoracic aorta without the use of artificial materials. The patient was a 78-year-old man with bacteremia caused by Staphylococcus aureus and an infected pseudoaneurysm of the thoracic aorta. The patient underwent replacement of the ascending aorta and coronary artery bypass grafting. The patient was discharged from the hospital with no recurrence of infection and no abnormality of the reconstructed aorta.
ABSTRACT
@#Mycotic aneurysm is one of the extra-intestinal manifestations of Salmonella Enteritidis infection. The diagnosis of this condition is challenging owed to its variation in clinical presentations. We presented a case of a 54-year-old man with underlying diabetes mellitus and chronic smokers presented with acute right flank pain and fever associated with mild jaundice. The initial laboratory investigations suggested features of obstructive jaundice and urinary tract infection. The contrast enhancing computed tomography of the abdomen revealed the presence of saccular mycotic aneurysm located at the infrarenal abdominal aorta. The blood culture grew Salmonella Enteritidis which was susceptible to ceftriaxone, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Intravenous ceftriaxone was initiated, and he underwent open surgery and artery repair at day 8 of admission. He responded well to the treatment given and subsequently discharged home after completed three weeks of intravenous ceftriaxone.
ABSTRACT
A 49-year-old female with ruptured left common iliac mycotic arterial aneurysm (Lt. CIAA) was brought to our hospital as an emergency case. In Japan, endovascular treatment is unsuitable for the treatment of mycotic aneurysms, but findings from a Swedish national database showed that there was no difference in the long-term prognosis lasting over 10 years. Therefore, we performed endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) and saved the patient's life. The diameter of the proxymal sealing zone was larger than that of the distal zone. We used the Gore Excluder leg, which was inverted and implanted to match the caliber. Percutaneous abscess drainage was also performed on postoperative day 7 when hemostasis was confirmed for early infection control. The patient was discharged at 8 weeks postoperatively. After discharge from the hospital, oral antibiotics were continued until 6 months after the surgery. Six months postoperatively, contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed that the abscesses have disappeared. Blood samples that were taken at one month after the completion of antibiotics showed no evidence of the recurrence of infection and a curative course was achieved.
ABSTRACT
El aneurisma micótico surge de la destrucción infecciosa de la pared arterial y se diagnostica cuando hay un aneurisma en el contexto de inflamación y hemocultivos o biopsia positivos, aunque esto no es un requisito excluyente. Los agentes etiológicos de mayor frecuencia son bacterias (Staphylococcus, Salmonella)2 pero también se han notificado hongos (Aspergillus niger). La tuberculosis puede afectar cualquier órgano de la economía, el compromiso arterial es una complicación rara y potencialmente mortal, puede ocurrir por extensión directa de un foco adyacente o por diseminación hematógena o linfangítica de lesiones primarias. El compromiso en los grandes vasos puede presentarse de diversas formas, incluyendo pólipos, aortoarteritis estenosante y formación de aneurismas o pseudoaneurismas, siendo esta última la más común. Presentamos el diagnóstico de aneurisma de aorta abdominal infrarrenal con trombo intramural y pseudoaneurisma de aorta renal izquierda como hallazgo incidental en una paciente con tuberculosis ganglionar.
The mycotic aneurysm arises from the infectious destruction of the arterial wall and is diagnosed when there is an aneurysm within the context of inflammation and positive blood cultures or biopsies, though this is not an essential requirement. The most common etiologic agents are bacteria (Staphylococcus, Salmonella)2, but fungi have also been reported (Aspergillus niger). Tuberculosis may affect any organ of the body; arterial compromise is a rare and potentially mortal complication that may occur by direct extension of an adjacent infected site or by bloodstream or lymphangitic dissemination of primary lesions. The great vessels may be compromised in different ways, including polyps, stenotic aortoarteritis and formation of aneurysms or pseudoaneurysms, being the latter the most common one. We present the diagnosis of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm with intramural thrombus and left renal aortic pseudoaneurysm as incidental finding in a patient with nodal tuberculosis.
Subject(s)
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal , Tuberculosis , Aneurysm, Infected , Aneurysm, FalseABSTRACT
Abstract Candida is a rare cause of infected aortic aneurysms. We report the case of a diabetic patient with end stage kidney disease who underwent repair of a leaking abdominal aortic aneurysm. He was on long-term antibiotic treatment for malignant otitis externa. Candida albicans was isolated from the culture of the excised aneurysm wall. An infected aortic aneurysm due to Candida has not been previously reported in a patient with malignant otitis externa. This case report aims to highlight that Candida should be suspected as a cause of infected aortic aneurysms in patients with debilitation and chronic immunosuppression. Management of such cases can be extremely challenging, especially in resource-poor settings, and we will be touching upon the advantages and disadvantages of various treatment options.
Resumo A cândida é uma causa rara de aneurismas da aorta infecciosos. Relatamos o caso de um paciente diabético com doença renal terminal, que foi submetido a reparo de aneurisma da aorta abdominal com vazamento. Ele estava em tratamento de longo prazo com antibióticos para otite externa maligna. A Candida albicans foi isolada da cultura da parede do aneurisma que sofreu a excisão. Não há relatos prévios de aneurisma da aorta infeccioso causado por cândida em pacientes com otite externa maligna. Este relato de caso visa reforçar que a cândida deve ser uma das suspeitas de causa de aneurisma da aorta infeccioso em pacientes debilitados e com imunossupressão crônica. O manejo desses casos pode ser extremamente desafiador, principalmente em contextos em que os recursos são escassos, e mencionaremos as vantagens e desvantagens das diversas opções de tratamento.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Otitis Externa/complications , Aneurysm, Infected/complications , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/complications , Aneurysm, Infected/etiology , Candida albicans/pathogenicity , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/therapy , Immune Tolerance/immunology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Background : Fungal mycotic aneurysm is rare ; however, special care and treatment are required for the deep fungal infection itself. Case : The patient was a 69-year-old man with a history of sepsis due to Candida albicans. He suffered from back pain and moderate fever. CT revealed saccular-form aneurysm at the infrarenal abdominal aorta. After emergent in situ bifurcated graft replacement of the infected aneurysm, antifungal treatment was attempted in reference to the antifungal drug sensitivity of C. albicans from intraoperative cultures and findings of fungal endophthalmitis in an ophthalmic examination. After an uneventful acute course, follow up CT images after 12 months postoperatively revealed pseudoaneurysm formation proximal to the site of graft anastomosis. Reoperation was planned with a trans-thoracic and transabdominal approach because of concerns about thoracoabdominal aortic infection. However, the reoperation displayed only inflammatory tissue around the graft and aortic tissue. Removal of the previous graft and reconstruction of the bilateral renal artery, and the pararenal abdominal aorta to the bilateral common iliac artery was performed. Intraoperative tissue cultures revealed no evidence of microorganisms. He returned home with oral antifungal treatment and is doing well at 8 months after the reoperation. Conclusions : Management of fungal mycotic aneurysms requires both surgical treatment and antifungal treatment. Antifungal agents should be selected based on the results of a susceptibility test and after examinations for metastatic comorbidities.
ABSTRACT
We report a case of mycotic aneurysm treated with endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). An 80-year-old man was admitted to a local hospital with high fever and lower back pain. Pyogenic spondylitis and psoas muscle abscess were diagnosed. Klebsiella pneumoniae was confirmed by blood culture. Treatment with intravenous antibiotics was not effective and contrast computed tomography (CT) scan showed an enlargement of the abscess and an abdominal aortic rupture. The patient was immediately transferred to our hospital. Laboratory tests showed an elevated C-reactive protein (12.3 mg/dl) and WBC (10,400/μl). Mycotic abdominal aneurysm rupture was diagnosed by CT scan. He underwent an emergency EVAR with an Excluder® (aorta extender). Intraoperative angiography showed a ruptured abdominal aorta. After operation, he was treated with intravenous minocycline and ampicillin, and the size of the abscess reduced without any endoleak on enhanced CT imaging. After intravenous antibiotics therapy for 4 weeks, we switched to oral antibiotics (minocycline and ciprofloxacin) and continued them for 6 months. As of 2 years after the surgery, there are no signs of infection or recurrence.
ABSTRACT
Mycotic aneurysms of the common carotid artery (CCA) are very rare and warrant surgical treatment to prevent rupture and death. A 89-year-old man who complained of a sore throat and swelling of the right side of neck. He had no history of trauma or neck infection. Physical examination revealed hard and pulsatile mass. Computed tomography showed initially pseudoaneurysm rupture on the right CCA with surrounding inflammation. The emergency operation revealed mycotic aneurysm rupture with CCA necrosis and was successfully done by wide debridement and carotid artery resection with interposition bypass. The resected tissue and blood culture grew growth of Staphylococcus aureus group. We report a rare case of mycotic aneurysm of right CCA that treated by bypass interposition.
Subject(s)
Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Aneurysm, False , Aneurysm, Infected , Carotid Arteries , Carotid Artery, Common , Debridement , Emergencies , Inflammation , Neck , Necrosis , Pharyngitis , Physical Examination , Rupture , Staphylococcus aureusABSTRACT
<p>A 23-year-old woman with mitral valve infective endocarditis complicated by embolism of the right common iliac artery underwent transfemoral embolectomy by a Fogarty catheter and mitral valve replacement. She developed occlusion of the right internal iliac artery, that was revealed by computed tomography on the 9th postoperative day. The occlusion was considered to result from migration of a part of the emboli from the right common iliac artery into the right internal iliac artery during the procedure of embolectomy. On the 16th postoperative day, she underwent repeat mitral valve replacement because of perivalvular leakage. Furthermore, after 2 weeks from the diagnosis of embolism of the right internal iliac artery, the embolic site showed aneurysmal formation finally requiring aneurysmectomy. Her recovery was uneventful. Our case is considered to be rare in that serial observations on computed tomography indicated the development of mycotic aneurysm at the site of septic embolism. In addition, care must be taken to prevent migration of emboli into branched arteries during the procedure of embolectomy for peripheral arterial septic embolism caused by infective endocarditis.</p>
ABSTRACT
Background: This is a single institutional review of aortoiliac pseudoaneurysm of various aetiologies managed with endovascular stent graft repair. Methods: From 2009 to 2014, 16 patients had endovascular stent graft inserted for pseudoaneurysm of the thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta and iliac arteries in Hospital Kuala Lumpur. Co-morbidity, causative agents, in-hospital mortality, complications and outcomes were examined. Results: The average age was 59.1 years (range 36-77). Comorbidities include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis, prior infection and previous open aneurysmal repair. All patients had raised WBC (>10.0x109 /L), ESR or Creactive protein on admission while 50% of patients had fever. Blood cultures were positive in 4 patients. All patients were given antibiotics. Only one in-hospital mortality was noted at day-47 post-procedure. Two patients died of aortoenteric fistula at district hospital eight and 16 months later. One patient died of chronic graft infection two years later. One died of unrelated cause. One patient developed type IB endoleak from internal iliac artery two years later and surgical ligation was performed. The average follow up was 15.8 months. Conclusion: Endovascular stent graft repair for pseudoaneurysm is a viable option compared to open surgery. It is less invasive, has lower operative morbidity and fair outcomes. However, some cases may be due to inflammatory aortitis instead of infective pseudoaneurysm, given the frequent culture-negative results. In order to obtain high yield of bacteria culture for infected pseudoaneurysm, open repair with tissue culture is still the main mode of treatment especially for patients with low comorbidity.
Subject(s)
Aneurysm, FalseABSTRACT
Mucormycosis is a rare opportunistic infection caused by fungi of the order Mucorales that typically occurs in patients with diabetes or immunocompromised state. Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis is the most common type, often has a life-threatening outcome. Mucormycosis has specific vascular tropism complicating mucorthrombosis or mycotic aneurysm. We report a diabetic patient presenting with ophthalmoplegia, orbital necrosis, and contralateral hemiparesis, who suddenly progressed to coma and died of subarachnoid hemorrhage due to the rupture of mycotic aneurysm in distal internal carotid artery.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aneurysm, Infected , Carotid Artery, Internal , Coma , Fungi , Mucorales , Mucormycosis , Necrosis , Ophthalmoplegia , Opportunistic Infections , Orbit , Paresis , Rupture , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage , Thrombosis , TropismABSTRACT
Mucormycosis is a rare opportunistic infection caused by fungi of the order Mucorales that typically occurs in patients with diabetes or immunocompromised state. Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis is the most common type, often has a life-threatening outcome. Mucormycosis has specific vascular tropism complicating mucorthrombosis or mycotic aneurysm. We report a diabetic patient presenting with ophthalmoplegia, orbital necrosis, and contralateral hemiparesis, who suddenly progressed to coma and died of subarachnoid hemorrhage due to the rupture of mycotic aneurysm in distal internal carotid artery.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aneurysm, Infected , Carotid Artery, Internal , Coma , Fungi , Mucorales , Mucormycosis , Necrosis , Ophthalmoplegia , Opportunistic Infections , Orbit , Paresis , Rupture , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage , Thrombosis , TropismABSTRACT
Mycotic aneurysms are rare inflammatory neurovascular lesions. Ruptured mycotic aneurysm manifesting as subdural hematoma is extremely rare. A 72-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital with headache and drowsiness. Computer tomography (CT) of brain and CT angiography revealed subdural hematoma and an aneurysm located at the M4 segment of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA). Cerebral angiogram revealed 2 aneurysms; one located at the left distal MCA and the other at the bifurcation of left MCA. Laboratory studies showed leukocytosis and elevated inflammatory factors. The patent was treated with antibiotic therapy for 4 weeks. The follow-up CT and cerebral angiography showed that the mycotic aneurysm was completely resolved, and the patient was nearly free of symptoms.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Aneurysm , Aneurysm, Infected , Angiography , Brain , Cerebral Angiography , Follow-Up Studies , Headache , Hematoma, Subdural , Leukocytosis , Middle Cerebral Artery , Sleep StagesABSTRACT
The term mycotic aneurysm refers to aneurysm associated with infection by microorganism. Sir William Osler first coined the term mycotic aneurysm in 1885 by disclosing the relation between abnormal cardiac valves and infection with micrococci not with fungi. An 11 years old female from Feni presented with asymptomatic vascular swelling in abdomen referred by a cardiologist. CT angiogram revealed fusiform aneurysm in distal part of abdominal aorta involving ostioproximal part of both common iliac arteries and saccular aneurysm of distal part of superior mesenteric arteries suggestive of mycotic aneurysm. Patient underwent vascular operation aorto biilliac bypass by PTFE graft with excision and ligation of aneurysm of superior mesenteric arteries .Mycotic aneurysm in bacterial endocarditis is rare. It is a challenging job for the cardiologists, infectious disease specialists and vascular surgeon. Time appropriate skilled prompt surgical management can bring smile for both patients and physicians.
ABSTRACT
A 69-year-old man with histories of cardiac and abdominal operations was hospitalized in another hospital due to brain contusion. Due to hemorrhage from the distal descending thoracic aorta, he was transferred to our hospital. After a diagnosis rupture of mycotic aneurysm an urgent operation was performed. The aneurysm was replaced by an <i>in situ </i>graft. For infection control, the graft was wrapped tightly by a pedicled latissimus dorsi muscle flap. Postoperatively, local infection of the muscle-dissected cavity continued. Although his life was ultimately not saved, he was able to live a comfortable hospital life with some activity for 8 months.
ABSTRACT
We report herein a case successful endovascular treatment with a stent-graft of a rare case of rapidly growing mycotic aneurysm of the left common carotid artery due to acute bacterial endocarditis after eradication of the infection. Infected mycotic aneurysms of the peripheral vasculature have been considered as a contraindication for stent-graft implantation because of the possibility of microorganism spreading to the stent-graft; however, if there is evidence of complete eradication of microorganism and surgery is not an option, stent-graft implantation can be an effective and safe treatment modality for exclusion of the mycotic aneurysm.
Subject(s)
Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Acute Disease , Aneurysm, Infected/etiology , Angioplasty/methods , Carotid Artery Diseases/etiology , Endocarditis, Bacterial/complications , Stents , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
There were many reports of infected pseudoaneurysms of the forearm that are caused by arterial injury or cannulation. However, spontaneous pseudoaneurysm of forearm artery without any history of arterial injury or cannulation is rare. Here, we report the case of an infected pseudoaneurysm in the forearm after infective endocarditis, without arterial injury or cannulation. A 76-year old man had a large, growing, pulsatile mass of the radial artery after experiencing infective endocarditis. We performed an interposition with great saphenous vein graft after removing the aneurysm. This presented case emphasizes the importance of considering pseudoaneurysms in the differential diagnosis and treatment of pain in the extremity and swelling after infective endocarditis.
Subject(s)
Aneurysm , Aneurysm, False , Aneurysm, Infected , Arteries , Catheterization , Diagnosis, Differential , Endocarditis , Extremities , Forearm , Radial Artery , Saphenous Vein , TransplantsABSTRACT
Mycotic aneurysm is a disease requiring immediate treatment because of the high risk of rupture. A difficult surgical approach, especially in the case of occurrence on the iliac artery, involving endovascular embolization and extra-anatomic bypass grafting, is known to be a suitable treatment. We performed extra-anatomic bypass grafting after endovascular embolization successfully in two patients. The postoperative computed tomography of both patients showed complete exclusion of the mycotic aneurysm.